Technical Guide • 5 Min Read
File Preparation for Laser: From Initial Draft to Finished Product
A precise laser cut or a detailed engraving does not begin at the machine, but on the screen. Many clients in Graz and the surrounding Styria region underestimate that a laser does not read "images" in the traditional sense, but follows mathematical paths and coordinates. Incorrect file preparation often leads to unnecessary correction cycles, higher costs, or in the worst case, material waste. In this guide, we explain step-by-step how to prepare your graphics so they can be imported directly into our CO2 and fiber laser systems.
Vectors vs. Pixels: Why the Format is Decisive
The most critical distinction in preparation is the difference between vector graphics and raster graphics (pixel images). A laser strictly requires vectors for cutting and contouring. Vectors consist of mathematical points and lines that can be scaled infinitely without losing sharpness or becoming "pixelated."
Raster graphics, such as JPG or PNG, consist of small colored dots. These are exclusively suitable for raster engraving (e.g., photos on wood), but lead to "stair-step" jagged edges when used for cutting. We recommend using professional software such as Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW, or Inkscape to create clean .SVG or .DXF files.
The Logic of Colors: Cutting, Engraving, and Marking
To tell the machine which line should be cut and which area should be engraved, we use a color-coding system. In the industry, it is common to define lines by RGB values. In our Graz workshop, we use the following standard scheme:
- Red (RGB 255, 0, 0): Indicates the cutting line. The laser follows this path with high power to completely penetrate the material.
- Black (RGB 0, 0, 0): Indicates the engraving area or contour engraving. Here, the surface is only superficially removed.
- Blue (RGB 0, 0, 255): Often used as a marking line or auxiliary line that is not processed by the laser.
If you send us a file without color separation, we must process it manually. This can be resolved through our Vectorization & Layout service to avoid errors and ensure a smooth production flow.
Path Optimization and Avoiding Duplicates
A common error in amateur files is the presence of double paths. For example, if you place two circles exactly on top of each other, the laser will travel the same line twice. The result is a burnt edge, which leads to unsightly melt beads, especially with acrylic glass.
Check your files for "overlaps." Use the "Simplify Path" or "Pathfinder" functions to merge several overlapping objects into a single closed shape. This is the only way to guarantee the precise results required for high-quality office signs or detailed personalized gifts in Graz.
Converting Fonts to Paths
A critical point in data delivery is the use of installed fonts. If we open your file and the specific font you used is not installed on our systems, the software will automatically replace it with a default font (e.g., Arial). This completely alters the design of your product.
The Solution: Convert all text into paths (curves/outlines). In Illustrator, this is done via "Create Outlines." After this, the text is no longer editable text but a geometric shape that looks identical on every computer.
File Preparation Checklist
| Criterion | Requirement | Status |
|---|---|---|
| File Format | .SVG, .DXF, .AI or .PDF (Vector) | [ ] |
| Color Separation | Red = Cut, Black = Engrave | [ ] |
| Fonts | Converted to Paths/Outlines | [ ] |
| Path Quality | No double paths, closed lines | [ ] |
| Scale | 1:1 in Millimeters (mm) | [ ] |
Material-Specific Considerations
Depending on the material, the file must be prepared differently. When working with plywood, we must account for the "kerf" (the width of the cut), ensuring that interlocking parts fit together perfectly. With acrylic, choosing the correct line thickness is vital to achieve a clean, polished edge.
Since material choice has a massive impact on the final result, we recommend reading our guide Choosing the Right Material. There, you will learn which materials are best suited for specific applications.
What if You Don't Have a Vector File?
Many of our clients in Graz start with a hand sketch or a simple photo. This is not a problem. We offer a professional digitization service. We take your concept and transform it into a technically correct file that is perfectly tuned to our machines.
This process includes correcting proportions, optimizing line flow, and creating the necessary color separations. This ensures that your project is implemented efficiently and without material waste.
Ready for Your Project?
Have you prepared your file, or do you need support with the creation? We are happy to help you turn your vision into reality. Visit us in Graz-Mitte or contact us digitally.